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| ('huffpost.com/entry/2011-congress_n_1171706', 35)                                           | The swipe fee mess was followed by an intense push to pass a >>>patent reform bill<<< , an issue that has been kicking around Capitol Hill for the better part of a decade .                                                                                                                             |
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| ('huffpost.com/entry/2011-congress_n_1171706', 37)                                           | But >>>pharmaceutical companies<<< have a tremendous interest in securing patent rights , enabling them to maintain long-term monopolies on life-saving medicine .                                                                                                                                       |
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| ('huffpost.com/entry/aids-trade-regulations-patent-law_n_994940', 19)                        | Much of the research pharmaceutical companies do conduct is simply >>>not relevant to public health concerns<<< , with money pouring into projects for hair loss , for instance , while funding for diseases that primarily afflict the poor , like tuberculosis , stays in perpetual short supply .     |
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| ('huffpost.com/entry/bernie-sanders-prescription-drug-prices_n_1528332', 7)                  | Drug prices are >>>dramatically inflated by the restrictive American patent system<<< , which grants companies long-term monopolies on new drugs they develop .                                                                                                                                          |
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| ('huffpost.com/entry/bill-daley-big-pharma-trans-pacific-partnership_n_981973', 23)          | The >>>primary driver of drug prices<<< is often not direct research costs or production expenses .                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
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| ('huffpost.com/entry/bill-daley-big-pharma-trans-pacific-partnership_n_981973', 41)          | This year , Abbott spokesman Dirk Van Eeten told The Huffington Post that the company firmly believes U.S.-style drug patents foster pharmaceutical innovation -- an argument >>>disputed by many health care experts<<< .                                                                               |
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| ('huffpost.com/entry/bipartisanship-congress-screws-the-poor_n_5cdd69e1e4b09648227c18d3', 3) | Despite all the talk about widening political divides , Congress has approved thousands and thousands of pages of bipartisan legislation over the past decade ― everything from >>>patent reform<<< to Pentagon budgets to bank deregulation .                                                           |
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| ('huffpost.com/entry/chamber-of-commerce-spending_n_3769902', 50)                            | The chamber-endorsed America Invents Act , a >>>pro-industry patent reform bill<<< , passed Congress in 2011 with bipartisan support and near universal backing from chamber-supported lawmakers .                                                                                                       |
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| ('huffpost.com/entry/darrell-issa-trans-pacific-partnership-trade-deal_n_1521035', 16)       | Trade agreements reached in the 1990s helped block >>>recent efforts to reform domestic patent laws<<< .                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
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| ('huffpost.com/entry/google-antitrust-microsoft-war_n_976804', 285)                          | This kind of activity was once considered shameful in the tech community , but as the patent reform bill designed to combat this behavior >>>disintegrated in Congress<<< , , tech firms started shifting their strategies .                                                                             |
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| ('huffpost.com/entry/google-motorola-mobility_n_927670', 12)                                 | Nonetheless , the market for patents has led to what some experts have dubbed an " arms race , " with rival companies >>>stockpiling patents<<< as insurance against litigation .                                                                                                                        |
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| ('huffpost.com/entry/obama-free-trade-european-union_n_2974446', 8)                          | While movie studios and record labels have long advocated stringent protections , Internet and other high-tech companies have been >>>deluged<<< with patent and copyright lawsuits that discourage Web companies from developing new products .                                                         |
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| ('huffpost.com/entry/obamas-health-policy-global-health-reform_n_1659742', 37)               | The medical patent system has >>>plenty of detractors<<< .                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
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| ('huffpost.com/entry/patent-reform-drags-on_n_951128', 15)                                   | Since then , patent reform has roped in >>>just about every corporate heavyweight on Capitol Hill<<< , from multinational drug companies to Silicon Valley tech giants to Wall Street banks to Texas trial lawyers .                                                                                     |
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| ('huffpost.com/entry/patent-reform-drags-on_n_951128', 29)                                   | And that could have threatened profits for pharmaceutical giants , so Pharma brought its lobbying weight to the patent reform table , and eventually defeated the Silicon Valley companies that favored patent reform , >>>convincing both political parties to gut the proposed bill in March 2010<<< . |
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| ('huffpost.com/entry/patent-reform-drags-on_n_951128', 39)                                   | The White House entered the fray , >>>with President Barack Obama repeatedly insisting<<< that the legislation will create jobs .                                                                                                                                                                        |
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| ('huffpost.com/entry/patent-reform-economists_n_2623537', 11)                                | Rather than decrease the overall patent load , the legislation >>>sought to expedite the process and provide more safeguards against awarding low-quality patents<<< .                                                                                                                                   |
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| ('huffpost.com/entry/patent-reform-obama_n_966136', 9)                                       | When Congress initially began considering patent reform during the first term of President George W. Bush , the bill was designed to >>>fix a broken litigation system<<< .                                                                                                                              |
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| ('huffpost.com/entry/patent-reform-obama_n_966136', 18)                                      | In 2010 , Congress dropped all attempts to reform the patent litigation system , >>>opting instead<<< to focus on resolving disputes over who receives a patent when two people come up with the same new invention at roughly the same time .                                                           |
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| ('huffpost.com/entry/patent-reform-passes-senate_n_954756', 1)                               | But the bill , which has spent the better part of a decade working its way through the legislature , could n't be approved without one last set of votes on >>>giveaways to entrenched special interests<<< .                                                                                            |
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| ('huffpost.com/entry/patent-reform-passes-senate_n_954756', 3)                               | Millions of dollars in campaign contributions have poured in over the course of the debate , >>>with nearly every conceivable corporate interest weighing in<<< , from Wall Street banks and drug companies to Silicon Valley tech giants and Texas trial lawyers .                                      |
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| ('huffpost.com/entry/patent-reform-passes-senate_n_954756', 4)                               | President Obama has repeatedly called the patent bill an easy job-creator , though >>>that assertion has been roundly rejected by patent experts<<< .                                                                                                                                                    |
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| ('huffpost.com/entry/patent-reform-passes-senate_n_954756', 6)                               | and Sen. Orrin Hatch ( R-Utah ) reached a compromise that >>>stripped the legislation 's efforts to reform the patent litigation system<<< .                                                                                                                                                             |
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| ('huffpost.com/entry/patent-reform-passes-senate_n_954756', 8)                               | Removing the teeth from the bill , however , made it >>>a prime target for special interests seeking specific favors<<< , and Congress has continued raking in campaign contributions over the past 18 months .                                                                                          |
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| ('huffpost.com/entry/patent-reform-passes-senate_n_954756', 12)                              | Cantwell 's amendment was designed to limit the scope of an obscure measure known as " Section 18 , " which was indeed originally intended to help Wall Street banks shake off >>>two questionable patents from a company called DataTreasury<<< .                                                       |
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| ('huffpost.com/entry/patent-reform-passes-senate_n_954756', 14)                              | It owns the type of >>>broad , vague patents that intellectual property experts loathe<<< , but banks have been unable to overturn them in the court system , which grants significant deference to the decisions of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office .                                              |
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| ('huffpost.com/entry/patent-reform-passes-senate_n_954756', 17)                              | >>>One of those companies was Intellectual Ventures<<< , a firm which owns tens of thousands of patents but , like DataTreasury , makes no products , instead profiting from legal threats .                                                                                                             |
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| ('huffpost.com/entry/sopa-protect-ip_n_1140180', 30)                                         | While bipartisanship has been hard to come by in Washington this year on high-profile issues , it 's been easy to find on SOPA and the other corporate disputes that have taken much of the legislature 's time this year -- banks vs. retailers , >>>Silicon Valley vs. Big Pharma<<< .                 |
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| ('huffpost.com/entry/sopa-protect-ip_n_1140180', 307)                                        | The White House is intensely divided over SOPA and Protect IP , according to administration sources , and has n't issued any statement on them -- suggesting the President wo n't be pushing piracy legislation as hard as he did for free-trade and >>>the patent-reform<<< legislation .               |
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| ('huffpost.com/entry/trump-tax-plan-rich_n_59cd6a14e4b05f005d3328cb', 67)                    | Some reporters on Capitol Hill >>>noticed the same trend<<< .                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
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